A baby boy in a dinosaur t-shirt grins at the camera while propped up on a nursing pillow on a green carpeted floor.
Your child from 4–11 Months

Social and Emotional Development

How do children develop relationships and understand and express themselves?

How do children develop relationships and understand and express themselves?

  • Establishing trusting relationships with familiar caregivers
  • Recognizing, having back-and-forth interactions, and imitating caregivers
  • Expressing emotions
  • Showing awareness of their own features, thoughts, and feelings
  • Noticing the effects of their actions

Each child develops at their own pace and may show some skills earlier or later than others; the videos provide a few examples of how children may demonstrate these skills and concepts.

How do children express emotions in response to different experiences?

Children express a variety of emotions such as contentment, joy, sadness, interest, surprise, disgust, anger, and fear.

How do the children’s behaviors connect to their emotions?

Additional Videos

Foundation 1.2: Recognition of Agency

4–11 Months

Foundation 1.3: Expression of Emotion

4–11 Months

Foundation 1.4: Regulating Emotions and Behaviors

4–11 Months

How do children show awareness of others' emotions, thoughts, and actions?

Children show empathy by observing and reacting to the emotional expressions of others. Children also sometimes get other people’s attention and learn behaviors from imitating other people’s expressions, gestures, or sounds.

In what ways did the children respond to the emotions of others?

Additional Videos

Foundation 2.2: Empathy

4–11 Months

Foundation 2.3: Interactions With Caregivers and Other People

4–11 Months

Foundation 2.4: Interactions With Peers

4–11 Months

How do children develop close relationships with caregivers?

Children develop close relationships with caregivers by getting physically close, crying, laughing, or lifting up their arms to be picked up.

What are the children doing to show that they want care and comfort?

Additional Videos

Foundation 3.2: Relationships With Peers

4–11 Months