Video Transcript
Narrator: In the Approaches to Learning domain, the strand Executive Functioning includes the foundation Cognitive Flexibility. Children from 23 through 36 months shift attention and adapt behaviors in different situations. They also engage in more complex pretend play.
Example 1
Text on screen: Shifts attention and adapts behavior
On screen: 26-month-old Sophia is in an outdoor play area. A caregiver sits nearby on a play structure. Sophia has a stack of small traffic cones. She lifts the base of stack to her face and looks through them. Another child places a cone on the caregiver’s head like a hat. Sophia continues to hold the cones to her face, making trumpeting sounds.
Caregiver 1: Oh, I’m balancing it.
Sophia: Doo, doo doo!
Caregiver 1: Here you go.
On screen: Sophia lowers the stack of cones, and the caregiver adds her cone to it. Sophia lifts the cones to her face again. She switches back and forth several times between making noise into the cones and trying to wear them as a hat.
Sophia: Ah boo boo!
Caregiver 1: Am I in your way, J.C.?
Sophia: Ah boo boo! Ah boo boo!
On screen: The scene shifts. Sophia is coming down the slide of the play structure. At the bottom of the slide, she grabs a cone again. She begins to walk around the playground with the cone between her legs like she’s riding a horse.
Example 2
Text on screen: Shifts attention and adapts behaviors, and engages in more complex pretend play
On screen: 32-month-old Zoe reads a book in an indoor play area. Something in the book surprises her.
Zoe: (gasping) Look! Teacher.
On screen: She stands and holds the book up to show a caregiver. The open page of the book has a picture of a boy who has fallen and is crying.
Caregiver 2: What’d you find? Oh no, what happened?
Zoe: I don’t know. He fell.
Caregiver 2: What happened to the boy?
On screen: The caregiver sits next to Zoe and holds the book so they can both see it.
Zoe: He fell.
Caregiver 2: He fell?
On screen: The scene cuts. Zoe is sitting across the room from the caregiver. She begins using a television remote control as a telephone and pretends to make a call. She dials a number, holds it up to her ear, and walks toward the caregiver.
Zoe: I need talk.
On screen: The caregiver points to the book, still open to the picture of the crying boy.
Caregiver 2: Should we call his mommy, and tell ‘em what happened?
Zoe: Yeah.
Caregiver 2: What happened to him? Tell his mom.
Zoe: Hello? The kid fell. And he slipped. Gonna come?
On screen: Moments later, Zoe has put the remote control down. She sighs and looks to the caregiver for support.
Zoe: (sighing)
Caregiver 2: What’d she say?
Zoe: I said (inaudible) he’s fell.
Caregiver 2: You told her that he fell? He slipped and fell. He got hurt.
On screen: Zoe picks up the remote again, pretends to dial, then shows the face of the remote to the caregiver.
Zoe: I know that right there.
Caregiver 2: Oh, yeah. You can call on the phone and tell her. How can we make him feel better?
Zoe: Oh, my phone is dead.
On screen: Zoe drops her hands to her side in disappointment.
Caregiver 2: This phone is dead? How’re we gonna fix it?
Example 3
Text on screen: Shifts attention and adapts behaviors, and engages in more complex pretend play
On screen: 33-month-old Kate, 35-month-old Bill, and another child, Leo, play in indoors. They have constructed a room around themselves using large magnetic tiles to build a low wall. A caregiver sits on the other side of the wall.
Caregiver 3: You’re going to sleep? You wanna say good night.
Kate: Yeah. (pretend snoring)
On screen: Kate lies down on the floor. Bill pretends to yawn then lies next to Kate.
Caregiver 3: You’re gonna sleep, too? (laughing)
On screen: The two pretend to sleep.
Caregiver 3: Oh, they’re sleeping, guys. Shhh.
Leo: (shouting) Wake up!
Caregiver 3: Wake up!
Kate: (giggling)
On screen: Leo begins to gently shake Bill to wake him up. Bill and Kate slowly stand up and stretch.
Caregiver 3: Good morning! You’re awake.
Bill: Yeah!
Caregiver 3: Ooh, big stretch. Big stretch when we wake up.
Kate: I wanna (inaudible).
Caregiver 3: What is it?
Kate: I’m (inaudible).
Caregiver 3: Oh yeah? You want a dress?
On screen: Kate gestures like she is pulling a shirt on.
Caregiver 3: Oh, you’re going to get dressed. Yes. Look at you getting dressed.
On screen: Later, Bill and Kate are still playing inside their room.
Kate: I go out. I gonna go out there. Outside.
On screen: Kate points beyond the wall.
Caregiver 3: You’re gonna go over there? Go outside? Go outside. Bye, Kate!
Kate: I wanna go outside.
Caregiver 3: You’re gonna go outside. OK. Bye.
On screen: Bill stands and begins to pull apart two of the magnetic tiles to create a doorway for Kate.
Caregiver 3: How’re you – oh look, he’s going to open it for you.